ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
MEANING OF ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
The meaning of adjective clause: An adjective is a dependent clause that modifies a noun. It describes, identifies, or gives further information about a noun. An adjective clause is also called a relative clause.
A. USING SUBJECT PRONOUNS: Who, Which, That.
a. The Girl is happy. She won the race.
® The Girl who won the race is happy.
® The Girl that won the race is happy.
b. Algebra problems contain letters. They stand for unknown numbers.
® Algebra problems contain letters which stand for unknown numbers.
® Algebra problems contain letters that for unknown numbers.
The explanation of those examples:
a. In (a): who is subject of an adjective clause, and the adjective clause modifies the noun Girl.
b. In (b): Algebra problems contain letters = an independent clause.
Which stand for unknown numbers = an adjective clause.
The adjective clause modifies Algebra problems.
Who = used for people.
Which = used for things
That = used for both people and things.
B. USING OBJECT PRONOUNS: Who (m), Which, That.
1. Pronoun used as the object of a verb.
Example:
a. The people were very nice. We visited them yesterday.
® The people whom we visited yesterday were very nice.
® The people that we visited yesterday were very nice.
® The people Æ we visited yesterday were very nice.
b. The book was good. I read it.
® The book which I read was good.
® The book that I read was good.
® The book Æ I read was good.
The explanation of those examples:
a. In (a) who is usually used instead of whom, especially in speaking. Whom is generally used only in very formal English.
b. In (b) an object pronoun is often omitted from an adjective clause. (A subject pronoun, however, may not be omitted)
Who (m) = used for people
Which = used for things
That = used for both people and things
2. Pronoun used as the object of a preposition.
a. She is the woman. I told you about her.
® She is the woman about whom I told you.
® She is the woman who (m) I told you about.
® She is the woman that I told you about.
® She is the woman Æ I told you about.
b. The picture was beautiful. She was looking at it.
® The picture at which she was looking was beautiful.
® The picture which she was looking at was beautiful.
® The picture that she was looking at was beautiful.
® The picture Æ she was looking was beautiful.
The explanation of those examples:
a. In very formal English, the preposition comes at the beginning of the adjective clause, as in (a). Usually, however, in every day usage, the preposition comes after the subject and verb of the adjective clause.
b. If the preposition comes at the beginning of the adjective clause, only whom or which may be used. A preposition is never immediately followed by that or who.
3. USING Whose
a. I know the man. His bicycle was stolen.
® I know the man whose bicycle was stolen.
b. The student writes well. I read her composition.
® The student whose composition I read writes well.
c. Nita has a painting. Its value is inestimable.
®Nita has a painting whose value is inestimable.
Explanation of those examples:
Whose is used to show possession. It carries the same meaning as other possessive pronouns used as adjectives: his, her, its, and their. Like his, her, its, and their, whose is connected to a noun:
His bicycle ® whose bicycle
Her composition ® whose composition.
Both whose and the noun it is connected to are placed at the beginning of the adjective clause. Whose cannot be omitted.
Whose usually modifies ‘’people,’’ but it may also be used to modify ‘’things,’’.
4. USING Where.
a. The city was beautiful. We spent our vacation there. (In that City)
®The city where we spent our vacation was beautiful.
®The city in which we spent our vacation was beautiful.
®The city which we spent our vacation in was beautiful.
®The city that we spent our vacation in was beautiful.
®The city Æ we spent our vacation in was beautiful.
The explanation of that example:
Where is used in an adjective clause to modify a place (city, country, room, house, etc.).
If where is used, a preposition is not included in the adjective clause. If where is not used, the preposition must be included.
5. USING When.
a. I’II never forget the day. I met you then (on that day)
®I’II never forget the day when I met you.
®I’II never forget on which I met you.
®I’II never forget that I met you.
®I’II never forget Æ I met you.
The explanation of that example:
When is used in an adjective clause to modify a noun of time (year, days, time, century, etc.)
The use of a preposition in an adjective clause that modifies a noun of time is somewhat different from that in other adjective clause: a preposition is used preceding which. Otherwise the preposition is omitted.
Name: Ratna Pertiwi Jayanti
NPM: 10420210
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